Choline and vitamin B12 deficiencies are interrelated in folate-replete long-term total parenteral nutrition patients
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These are the growth hormone (GH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), beta endorphin, and prolactin
Summary: Excessive vitamin B12 intake rarely causes toxicity, but very high levels from supplements or injections may be associated with skin reactions such as acne-like eruptions, though serious adverse effects remain exceptionally uncommon
The study utilized white non-thoroughbred male rats weighing 180-200g
However, it is crucial to understand that they are entirely distinct compounds with different structural profiles and mechanisms of action