The most prevalent and consistent dose-limiting side effects observed across studies of FGF21 analogs in patients with metabolic disease are gastrointestinal (GI), including mild-to-moderate nausea and diarrhea (183, 245, 246, 298, 301)
It has decades of clinical use, a clean safety profile, and a documented benefit pattern that includes improved sleep, IGF-1 elevation, modest body composition effects, and skin quality changes
It influences several overlapping repair pathways simultaneously: it may promote new blood vessel growth (VEGF), modulate the nitric oxide system, support collagen synthesis, and protect gut mucosal tissue
in European Handbook of Dermatological Treatments (eds Katsambas, A
It occurs in three biological contexts with different functional consequences: type 1 EMT is involved in embryonic development and growth [52], type 2 EMT is involved in wound healing, tissue regeneration, and fibrosis [52], and Type 3 EMT, also known as oncogenic EMT, contributes to cancer metastasis [52,53,54,55]
Research is ongoing to evaluate the therapeutic potential of these agents in preclinical models, which may eventually translate into clinical applications