While generally safe, common B12 side effects include diarrhea and swelling at the injection site
While its main function is to carry out cellular respiration, a process that converts nutrients from food into ATP, there are many other functions mitochondria perform, including metabolic signaling, calcium regulation, autophagy (cellular clean-up) and apoptosis (cell death), neurogenesis (growth of new nerve tissue) and neuronal plasticity (aka neuroplasticity- our brains ability to grow and adapt), as well as the synthesis of other molecules (especially those in the immune system)
Combined with a healthy diet and exercise, they can be an effective part of a weight loss strategy
Working amounts referenced in research typically span roughly 0.25mg to 2.5mg per aliquot
Cyanocobalamin is the active ingredient for this product, while methylcobalamin and hydroxocobalamin are separate forms
Human evidence for precursors is mixed: some trials report good safety, but metabolic endpoints such as insulin sensitivity have not consistently replicated in people